{"id":174901,"date":"2021-06-11T10:33:07","date_gmt":"2021-06-11T08:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlanttic.webs7.uvigo.es\/research\/research-areas\/area4\/"},"modified":"2024-07-10T18:10:02","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T16:10:02","slug":"l4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iaa.uvigo.gal\/en\/research\/research-priorities\/l4\/","title":{"rendered":"Xesti\u00f3n e valorizaci\u00f3n de subprodutos"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\"> <div class=\"col-sm-9\">\n<p>A contaminaci\u00f3n ambiental \u00e9 un dos maiores problemas aos que se enfronta a humanidade na actualidade. Un problema fundamental relacionado coa contaminaci\u00f3n \u00e9 a eliminaci\u00f3n das grandes cantidades de refugallos que se producen continuamente. No mundo x\u00e9ranse aproximadamente cen mil mill\u00f3ns de toneladas de residuos anualmente. Estes abranguen un amplo abano de materiais que incl\u00faen, por exemplo, os residuos forestais, agr\u00edcolas, do procesamento de froitas e de outros alimentos, etc. Este tipo de residuos poden ocasionar graves problemas de sa\u00fade ou medioambientais se non se eliminan de maneira adecuada.<\/p>\n<p>No marco das circunstancias globais actuais (inseguridade alimentaria, inestabilidade econ\u00f3mica, recesi\u00f3ns, pandemias como a COVID-19, etc.) \u00e9 imperativo que se minimicen os residuos agroindustriais e que os subprodutos se utilicen de maneira eficiente para a produci\u00f3n de biocombustibles, compostos qu\u00edmicos de base ou para a obtenci\u00f3n de novos ingredientes alimentarios. Neste sentido, prevese que un sistema ecoloxicamente consciente, que xire arredor dos conceptos de \u201cxeraci\u00f3n de residuos cero\u201d e \u201ceconom\u00eda circular\u201d para a valorizaci\u00f3n efectiva dos residuos (transformados en subprodutos) industriais, contrib\u00faa \u00e1 mellora das econom\u00edas e minimice os impactos negativos sobre o medio ambiente. Polo tanto, \u00e9 fundamental desenvolver unha estratexia ecol\u00f3xica e eficaz para utilizar e xestionar estes recursos.<\/p>\n<p>A este respecto, dende o Instituto abordamos os seguintes Programas de I+D+i:<\/p>\n<h2>Produci\u00f3n de biocarburantes avanzados<\/h2>\n<p>A crise enerx\u00e9tica, definida pola crecente poboaci\u00f3n mundial, o aumento da demanda de enerx\u00eda per capita e polo progresivo esgotamento dos combustibles f\u00f3siles, esixe o desenvolvemento de combustibles a partir de materias primas renovables. Esta li\u00f1a c\u00e9ntrase no desenvolvemento e mellora de procesos para a obtenci\u00f3n de biocombustibles l\u00edquidos, coma o bioetanol, utilizando recursos de baixo custo e un enfoque de biorrefiner\u00eda. As actividades desta li\u00f1a abarcan diversos desenvolvementos tecnol\u00f3xicos avanzados nas diferentes etapas do proceso de transformaci\u00f3n da biomasa, como son o pretratamento mediante procesos hidrot\u00e9rmicos, combinando ademais procesos de intensificaci\u00f3n como o uso de microondas, a hidr\u00f3lise dos carbohidratos mediante o uso de catalizadores biol\u00f3xicos e a fermentaci\u00f3n por medio de microorganismos dos azucres producidos na etapa de hidr\u00f3lise.<\/p>\n<h2>Obtenci\u00f3n de biocompostos de alto valor engadido<\/h2>\n<p>Anualmente x\u00e9ranse enormes cantidades de subprodutos infravalorados a partir do procesamento industrial de materias primas agroindustriais que poden explotarse como fonte econ\u00f3mica e renovable de biocompostos. Nesta li\u00f1a aval\u00edanse diferentes subprodutos agroindustriais para a obtenci\u00f3n de prebi\u00f3ticos. Por outra banda, os desperdicios de biomasa brindan unha atractiva posibilidade como fonte de antioxidantes naturais. Estes compostos poden xogar un papel destacado tanto no antemento da sa\u00fade humana como na conservaci\u00f3n dos alimentos, xa que poden presentar un amplo espectro de bioactividades, entre as que se contan os efectos antioxidantes, anticancer\u00edxenos, antial\u00e9rxicos, antiinflamatorios e antimicrobianos, entre outros.<\/p>\n<h2>Obtenci\u00f3n de compostos qu\u00edmicos de base (li\u00f1a emerxente)<\/h2>\n<p>O furfural, o hidroximetilfurfural (HMF) e o \u00e1cido levul\u00ednico est\u00e1n considerados como precursores naturais dunha ampla gama de produtos qu\u00edmicos de interese industrial compatibles co concepto de crecemento sostible. A s\u00faa obtenci\u00f3n a partir de residuos agroindustriais \u00e9 unha alternativa renovable \u00e1 obtenci\u00f3n mediante recursos f\u00f3siles non renovables. Entre as s\u00faas aplcaci\u00f3ns potenciais est\u00e1 o seu emprego como aditivos para gasolinas, combustibles \u201cverdes\u201d, lubirificantes, resinas, pol\u00edmeros, etc.<\/p>\n<h2>Obtenci\u00f3n de novos materiais (li\u00f1a emerxente)<\/h2>\n<p>Cada vez ten m\u00e1is importancia substitu\u00edr os pl\u00e1sticos convencionais por biomateriais cuxos substratos de partida prove\u00f1an de fontes de enerx\u00eda renovables, que sexan biodegradables e que poidan ter aplicaci\u00f3ns similares aos materiais convencionais. Por elo, esta li\u00f1a centrar\u00edase na \u00e1rea dos materiais a partir de recursos renovables, especialmente nos pol\u00edmeros biobaseados e as s\u00faas aplicaci\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n<h2>Transformaci\u00f3n de residuos en biofertilizantes<\/h2>\n<p>Moitos residuos das industrias agroalimentarias ou forestais te\u00f1en propiedades moi interesantes para mellorar as caracter\u00edsticas dos solos, como elevados contidos en nutrientes, materia org\u00e1nica, porosidade etc. Por tanto, un uso adecuado dos residuos na agricultura pode mellorar a fertilidade dos solos, a fixaci\u00f3n de carbono ou mellorar a capacidade do solos de inmobilizar ou eliminar substancias t\u00f3xicas.<\/p>\n<div class=\"custom-block  outlined \">\n<h2>Obxectivos de desenvolvemento sostible<\/h2>\n<div class=\"d-flex justify-content-start\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uvigo.gal\/sites\/uvigo.gal\/files\/inline-images\/7_enerxia_accesible_e_non_contaminante.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" align=\"left\" \/>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uvigo.gal\/sites\/uvigo.gal\/files\/inline-images\/9_industria_innovacion_e_infraestructura.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" align=\"left\" \/>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uvigo.gal\/sites\/uvigo.gal\/files\/inline-images\/11_cidades_e_comunidades_sostibles.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" align=\"left\" \/>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uvigo.gal\/sites\/uvigo.gal\/files\/inline-images\/12_producion_e_consumo_responsables_0.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" align=\"left\" \/>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uvigo.gal\/sites\/uvigo.gal\/files\/inline-images\/13_accion_polo_clima.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" align=\"left\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-sm-3\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-170417 alignright\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IAA_l4.png\" alt=\"\" \/> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":174880,"menu_order":46,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"views\/template-fullwidth.blade.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-174901","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>Xesti\u00f3n e valorizaci\u00f3n de subprodutos | Instituto de Agroecolox\u00eda e Alimentaci\u00f3n | UVigo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iaa.uvigo.gal\/en\/research\/research-priorities\/l4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Xesti\u00f3n e valorizaci\u00f3n de subprodutos | Instituto de 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